Why Typhoid Risk Rises During the Festival Season
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi, spreading through contaminated food or water. Typhoid’s risk during festivals increases as hygiene often takes a backseat to celebration, causing a significant rise in infection. In this guide, we break down how to avoid typhoid during festivals and stay safe against infection.
How does typhoid spread
Typhoid spreads primarily through the faecal-oral route, meaning bacteria from infected faeces can enter the body through contaminated food, water or unwashed hands.
Transmission can occur either directly, when food or water becomes contaminated due to poor hand hygiene or sanitation, or indirectly, when sewage pollutes water sources or untreated waste is used for crops.[3]
In India, celebrations often coincide with crowded gatherings, fluctuating water supply and open food stalls, and these conditions can allow Salmonella typhi to spread quickly within communities.[1]
Why does typhoid’s risk rise during festivals
Festivals bring about joy and a feeling of community. But they are also the perfect mix of risk factors that contribute to typhoid risk during festivals.
- Street food and sweets: Eating food from street vendors, uncovered sweets or snacks left exposed, attracts flies and allows contamination.[1,3]
- Unsafe water and ice: Drinks made with untreated or stored water, ice cubes from street stalls, or locally prepared beverages may contain harmful bacteria.[1,3]
- Poor hand hygiene: Limited access to clean water and soap at outdoor gatherings or during travel means many skip handwashing, increasing the chance of infection.[1,3]
- Increased travel: Visiting relatives or crowded sites exposes people to contaminated water and food sources.[1]
All these factors combine to create an ideal environment for the transmission of typhoid during festivals.
Practical prevention checklist
Water and food safety[1,3]
- Drink filtered or bottled water only.
- Avoid raw salads, unwashed fruits and street food.
- Say no to ice or beverages made from unknown sources of water.
- Eat food that’s freshly cooked and served hot.
Also Read Foods to Eat and Avoid During Typhoid
Personal hygiene [1,3]
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating.
- Keep a hand sanitiser (≥60% alcohol) when water isn’t available.
- Encourage children to avoid eating with unwashed hands.
Vaccination [2]
- Get vaccinated against typhoid fever. Vaccination adds an important layer of protection alongside safe food and hygiene habits.
When to suspect flu vs typhoid
Consult a doctor immediately if you or a family member experiences:
- Progressively increasing high fever
- Headache
- Chills
- Weakness or fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach ache
- Rashes or spots (seen more easily in fair-skinned people)
- Cough
- Excessive sweating
- Muscle aches
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea or constipation
Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are key to recovery. Typhoid vaccination remains one of the most effective preventive measures. Talk to your doctor to understand the right schedule and protection options.
FAQs
Why does typhoid risk increase during the festive season?
Typhoid outbreaks in festivals happen due to increased food handling, outdoor eating, and travel. These factors, combined with lapsed hygiene practices during celebrations, lead to a higher chance of contamination and infection.
How does eating street food cause typhoid?
Street food can become contaminated if it’s prepared with unclean hands, untreated water or is exposed to contaminants. The typhoid bacteria can survive in such conditions and cause infection when consumed.
Is typhoid more common in monsoon or festival months?
Typhoid cases rise during monsoons in India, as well as the festival season. Rainwater contamination and food hygiene issues during festivals both contribute to increased transmission.
Resources
Disclaimer: A public awareness initiative by Bharat Biotech International Limited. This information is for general awareness only and does not constitute medical advice. The doctors, medical facilities and graphics shown are for illustrative purposes only. For any medical advice or any question or concern you may have regarding your condition, consult your doctor.