Recognising the symptoms of typhoid: When should you seek medical help?
Typhoid, an infection caused by Salmonella typhi, is a public health concern in India. Typhoid spreads through contaminated food and water, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to safe drinking water. If not treated properly and on time, the complications from typhoid fever can be life-threatening. Recognising typhoid symptoms early and seeking medical help can prevent these complications, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality.
Early signs and symptoms of typhoid
Typhoid symptoms develop gradually. They usually appear about 1 to 3 weeks after someone is exposed to the bacteria. A persistent high fever is generally considered one of the first signs of typhoid. Here are some of the other early signs of typhoid:
- Persistent fever (103–104°F)
- Weakness and fatigue
- Headache and muscle ache
- Stomach pain
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Dry cough and sweating (occasionally)
- Rashes (rarely visible in Indian children, especially those with darker skin tones)
If you or your loved ones show any of the above symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.
Severe symptoms in the later stages of typhoid
In some cases, the symptoms of typhoid fever can worsen over several weeks, ultimately leading to long-term health complications. In such cases, it is best to seek medical attention. Some of the severe typhoid symptoms to look out for are:
- Severe abdominal pain and a swollen stomach (can indicate gastrointestinal issues)
- Confusion, irritability and inability to concentrate (can indicate brain-related complications)
If the symptoms continue without any signs of improvement, it can lead to complications.
Why timely treatment matters
If a doctor is not consulted, typhoid fever can last for weeks and sometimes even months, ultimately creating severe long-term health complications like intestinal perforation or organ failure and sometimes even death. Early treatment with antibiotics (under the doctor’s supervision) not only speeds up the recovery process but also lowers the risk of complications and transmission to others.
Chronic carriers of typhoid
Even after symptoms subside and the patient recovers, sometimes, they may continue to carry the typhoid-causing bacteria and spread the infection unknowingly. Such people are known as chronic carriers. This is especially concerning in the case of children, people who work with children, and people who work with food and beverages. The best way to stay protected from typhoid is to get vaccinated. Ensuring proper hygiene practices can help prevent further typhoid transmission.
Conclusion
Even after symptoms subside and the patient recovers, sometimes, they may continue to carry the typhoid-causing bacteria and spread the infection unknowingly. Such people are known as chronic carriers. This is especially concerning in the case of children, people who work with children, and people who work with food and beverages. The best way to stay protected from typhoid is to get vaccinated. Ensuring proper hygiene practices can help prevent further typhoid transmission.
Resources
Disclaimer: A public awareness initiative by Bharat Biotech International Limited. This information is for general awareness only and does not constitute medical advice. The doctors, medical facilities and graphics shown are for illustrative purposes only. For any medical advice or any question or concern you may have regarding your condition, consult your doctor.